Shows the Alcove garden ready for winter.

Ready for Winter

Amanda Carrigan

Winterizing a garden for most people means cutting down all the perennials, and raking the leaves up, maybe wrapping or covering a few tender plants. But from the point of view of the ecosystem, this leaves the garden a wasteland, with little or no food and shelter to be found for wildlife, and no organic matter left to break down and add nutrients and humus to the soil.

Winterizing the Alcove Garden is pretty much the opposite. Nothing gets cut down, and the whole space is mulched with leaves, mostly from the maple in the shade bed, plus some brought in from elsewhere. The leaves and standing plants make a good place for many invertebrates, and their eggs or larvae, to winter, and provide shelter for small animals. The eggs and larvae, as well as seeds and fruit on the plants will provide food for birds and mammals active during the winter. And come spring, the leaves and plant debris will be breaking down and improving the soil. So much less work this way, with so many benefits to the garden and wildlife!

Shows the Alcove garden ready for winter.

The Alcove Garden, prepared for winter by adding a layer of leaves but with plants left standing to provide food and shelter for wildlife.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

eudbeckia in the Alcove garden, October '22

Late Bloomers

Author: Amanda Carrigan

October is well advanced, but there are still flowers in the garden, and a few late bees fueling up for winter hibernation. Among the late bloomers: pink turtlehead, rudbeckia, multiple aster species, sneezeweed (Helenium), wild clematis, and zigzag goldenrod. 

eudbeckia in the Alcove garden, October '22

Rudbeckia hirta blooming in the Alcove Garden mid-October.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

shows the bloom of a swamp milkweed plant

Milkweed Season

Author: Amanda Carrigan

All the milkweeds are blooming in the garden! Milkweed (Asclepias species) is widespread in North America, and is best known as being necessary for monarch butterflies to raise their caterpillars. Three species of milkweed are present in the Alcove garden; A. tuberosa or butterfly weed, with bright orange flowers, A. incarnata or swamp milkweed, tall and dark pink flowered, and common milkweed or A. syriaca with sweet scented balls of light pink blooms. 

Milkweeds defend themselves from getting eaten by producing toxins in the latex/sap. Species like monarchs who eat milkweed can metabolize the toxins and use them to make themselves bad tasting, so less attractive to predators. Besides monarch caterpillars, several other insect species manage to eat milkweeds. Usually they indicate their lack of palatability by bright colouring.

shows the bloom of a swamp milkweed plant

Swamp milkweed blooming in the Alcove garden

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

shows a Toxomerus sp. of syrphid fly on a yarrow blossom

The Little Things

Author: Amanda Carrigan

It’s easy to see the larger insects in the garden, like the bumblebees. But don’t forget to look for the smaller ones. Some of them pack a surprising amount of punch for their size. 

Right now two of the common tiny flying beneficial insects you are likely to see are flies: Toxomerus species of syrphid/flower flies, and Condylostylus species of long-legged flies. The little flower flies (pictured here on a yarrow blossom) look like tiny bees, but have very distinctive markings when examined more closely. They can hover and dart in the air, and have an endearing way of wagging their tails (abdomen tips) up and down when they sit on a flower. The long-legged flies are even tinier, and a shiny metallic green, gold, or bronze all over. Although the flower flies may be seen visiting flowers for nectar and pollen, the larvae of both kinds of flies are predators of small, soft-bodied critters, including garden pests like aphids, whiteflies, and thrips.

shows a Toxomerus sp. of syrphid fly on a yarrow blossom

A syrphid fly sits on the lower part of a yarrow flowerhead.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

shows daisy fleabane blooming in the Alcove garden

What’s a Weed?

Author: Amanda Carrigan

One of the things about growing a native plant garden is that native species that would be ‘weeds’ in a traditional space can be recognized as flowering plants with a role to play. Some examples would be the biennial evening primrose mentioned in the previous post, and the annual daisy fleabane, which has also volunteered at the Alcove garden. The latter, (Erigeron annuus), is native to the eastern half of the continent, and does reseed prolifically, but it is easy to remove unwanted seedlings, and the tall sprays of delicate white and yellow daisy flowers are a nice accent in a wildflower/native garden. A member of the Asteraceae family, its flowers are visited by a number of native bees, flies, and wasps. So it is worth keeping a handful of the plants in the Alcove, although some will be pulled before the seed matures to prevent excessive numbers of seedlings next year.

shows daisy fleabane blooming in the Alcove garden

Annual daisy fleabane blooming in the Alcove garden.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

shows sundrops blooming at the Alcove garden mid June

A drop of sun

Author: Amanda Carrigan

It was a chill grey day for our Meet the Monarch pollinator education/fun day at KUC and the Alcove Garden yesterday, but the sundrops were out in full force, adding cheerful colour. A member of the evening primrose family, sundrops do best in sun and well-drained but not dry soil. They spread quickly but are easy to control, with shallow roots. Members of the family support a couple species of specialist bees. There are both northern and southern species of sundrops, Oenethera tetragona and O. fruticosa, respectively. They are quite similar, and both hardy here, so we’re not sure which one is at the Alcove garden. As well, a cousin species, Oenethera biennis, a tall biennial species of evening primrose with smaller flowers than the sundrops, has volunteered at the garden, so we hope it will stay. 

shows sundrops blooming at the Alcove garden mid June

Lemon-yellow sundrops in bloom at the Alcove garden mid-June, mixed with blue-purple flowers of catmint.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

Shows a honeybee on flowers of catmint in the Alcove Garden

Bees Buzzing

Author: Amanda Carrigan

In the Alcove Garden sun bed right now, the catmint (Nepeta faassenii) is a mass of blue-purple flowers. It is one of the non-native plants still present in the garden. Catmint is often recommended for pollinator gardens, being easy to grow, long-blooming, and attractive. There were a number of bees buzzing around in it today, but they all seemed to be honeybees, which of course are also non-native, and now have both managed and feral populations here. We would have a hard time doing without the honeybees’ pollination services (and wax and honey products), but they do compete with native bees (who may specialize in a certain type of plant, as opposed to the honeybees’ wider preferences) for native plants’ pollen resources, so it’s just as well that these seemed to be focusing on a non-native plant species.

Shows a honeybee on flowers of catmint in the Alcove Garden

A honeybee visiting the flowers of catmint (Nepeta faassenii) in the Alcove Garden. Both bee and flower are non-native.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

photo shows the new serviceberry at KUC, planted late May 2022.

New Arrivals

Author: Amanda Carrigan

Non-native species in the garden are gradually being phased out, and more and different native species added over time. A serviceberry tree (Amelanchier canadensis) has just been added to the garden. This tree provides fruit for the birds (and humans, if they can beat the birds to it), and has blossom in spring, and coloured leaves in fall. The non-native cotoneaster has also been removed and replaced with a bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). Both these larger plants came courtesy of Green Thumb Nursery. Smaller plants added this year include nodding onion, wild geranium, harebell, and smooth rose, from Ontario Native Plants.

photo shows the new serviceberry at KUC, planted late May 2022.

The new serviceberry tree planted at the Alcove garden in late May 2022.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

Solomon's seal in flower

Understated But Sweet

Author: Amanda Carrigan

Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) is in flower right now in the maple bed and the left corner of the rear bed of the Alcove garden. The tall arching stems are a nice accent in a shady space, and are very easy to grow. The flowers are understated, small cream to green bells hanging under the arch. A little unexpectedly in such a quietly coloured plant, the flowers have a sweet scent that you will notice if you are nearby.

Solomon's seal in flower

Pairs of bell-shaped flowers dangle under the stems of Solomon’s seal in late May.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan

prairie smoke in flower

Subtle Colour

Author: Amanda Carrigan

Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia) has spikes of creamy flowers out in the maple bed. Across the way, in the sun bed, are the nodding pink heads of prairie smoke (Geum trifolium). The pink is actually the calyx of the flower, and the white petals stay almost completely hidden inside. Some of the flowers have been pollinated – you can tell which ones, as they change from nodding to upright, and the stamens start to elongate. These will become the fuzzy seedheads which give the plant its common name.

prairie smoke in flower

Prairie smoke in bloom at the Alcove garden.

Photo: Amanda Carrigan